本文摘要：From the beginning, the French devoted more attention than any other people to coffee brewing, William Harrison Ukers wrote in All About Coffee, published in 1922. The first French coffee maker appeared around 1800, Ukers claimed, and the

From the beginning, the French devoted more attention than any other people to coffee brewing, William Harrison Ukers wrote in All About Coffee, published in 1922. The first French coffee maker appeared around 1800, Ukers claimed, and the first one made of glass followed 40 years later. Though Ukerss encyclopedic work defined dozens of devices, it never mentioned the simple plunger-style vessel that weve come to call the French press.“从一开始，法国人对熬咖啡就比别人都用心，”威廉·哈里森·阿克斯(William Harrison Ukers)在1922年的《关于咖啡的一切》(All About Coffee)中写到。他说道，第一个法式咖啡壶是在1800年左右经常出现，四十年后，又经常出现了第一个玻璃咖啡壶。尽管阿克斯百科全书式的作品叙述了几十种器具，却没有提及那种泵状装置，也就是我们今天所谓的“法式压滤壶”(French press)。

That coffee maker — known as the cafetière in Britain — wasnt popular until after Ukerss death, but the technology was around long before he wrote his book. In March 1852, a Paris metalsmith and a merchant received a joint patent for the filtering of coffee by means of a piston. The patent described a rod attached to a piece of tin pierced with holes and sandwiched between two layers of flannel. The rod would be pressed by hand into a cylindrical vessel. By lowering the piston, the inventors wrote, filtered coffee is obtained above it, perfectly clear.这种咖啡壶在英式英语中被称作cafetière，到阿克斯去世后才流行起来，但这种技术却早在他写书之前就有了。1852年3月，一个法国的金属加工技工和一个商人因“以活塞方式过滤器咖啡”而牵头获得了一项专利。这项专利是用一根活杆连着一片具有网眼，被两层法兰绒垫在中间的锡箔，用手把活杆压入圆柱形容器内。

发明者讲解：“向滑动一动活塞，过滤器后的咖啡就涌上来，十分混浊。”But the French press did not become well known until the late 1920s, when a Milanese firm patented a version of the French invention. The company perfected the device in the years that followed: A version introduced in 1935 had a spring that wrapped around the plunger discs to hold them flush with the cylinder.但是法式压滤壶直到20世纪20年代才为世人熟知，当时一个米兰工厂为这项法国发明者的一个版本申请专利。其后这家公司又改进了这种设备。1935年发售的一个型号有一个弹簧包覆在泵盘周围，让泵盘可以水平地压进圆柱容器。

A similar design spread through Europe in the 1950s. But it took a while for the gadget to make its way to the United States, and still longer for it to gain its current appellation. (Even now, the Oxford English Dictionary defines the French press first and foremost as an exercise designed to develop and strengthen the biceps.) As of the early 1980s, some Americans followed British usage and called it a cafetière; others used the phrase French plunger-type. In 1993, Florence Fabricant explained the French-press method to readers of The New York Times as a favorite of connoisseurs. The method had one major drawback, she noted: The coffee is sometimes muddy.20世纪50年代，类似于的设计开始在欧洲传播出去。但过了一段时期，这个小玩意才回到美国，又过了很久才取得现在的名号（以后如今，《牛津英语词典》中French press下的第一条说明还是“磨练和强化二头肌的锻炼”的一种运动方式）。

到了20世纪80年代初，有些美国人仿英国人的众说纷纭，把它叫作cafetière;有些人用“法式压滤型咖啡壶”来称谓它。1993年，弗洛伦斯·法布里肯特(Florence Fabricant)对《纽约时报》的读者们说明说道，“法式压滤法”是行家们的最喜欢。不过她说道，这种方法有个根本性缺点：“咖啡有时不会有点混浊”。

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